Migraine

Migraines are more than just headaches. They are a debilitating neurological condition that affects millions of people worldwide, including many in Singapore. Understanding migraines, their causes, and how they can be managed is key to improving quality of life. Let’s explore what migraines are, who is at risk, and what treatment options are available in Singapore.

What Is A Migraine?

A migraine is a neurological disorder characterised by recurrent, intense headaches that can last for hours or even days. Unlike regular headaches [link to Other Headaches], migraines often come with additional symptoms such as nausea, sensitivity to light, and visual disturbances known as auras. 

Migraines are typically classified into two types: migraines with aura and migraines without aura. Migraines with aura involve visual disturbances, such as seeing flashes of light or zigzag patterns, before the onset of the headache. Migraines without aura, on the other hand, do not present with these early warning signs.

What Causes Migraines?

The exact cause of migraines remains unclear, but researchers believe it is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Changes in brain activity and the way nerves communicate with blood vessels in the brain are thought to trigger migraines.

Certain triggers such as stress, hormonal changes, lack of sleep, and certain foods, can also increase the likelihood of developing a migraine. In Singapore, common environmental factors such as heat and humidity, along with stress from a busy lifestyle, may also contribute to the frequency of migraines.

What Are the Symptoms of Migraines?

Migraine symptoms vary from person to person but often include:

• Throbbing or pulsing pain, usually on one side of the head
• Sensitivity to light, sound, or smells
• Nausea or vomiting
• Visual disturbances (aura) such as flashing lights or blind spots
• Dizziness or blurred vision
• Fatigue and irritability before or after the attack

These symptoms can be so severe that they interfere with daily activities, making it difficult to work, study, or even rest.

Is A Migraine Painful?

Yes, migraines are often intensely painful and can be more severe than typical headaches. The pain is usually described as a throbbing or pulsating sensation, typically on one side of the head. It can worsen with physical activity and may become debilitating without treatment. 

People suffering from migraines often need to lie down in a dark, quiet room until the pain subsides. While the headache phase is the most well-known aspect, migraines can also cause pre- and post-headache symptoms, which add to the discomfort.

Who is at Risk of Getting Migraines in Singapore?

Migraines can affect anyone, but certain factors increase your risk. These include:

• Genetics: If you have a family history of migraines, you’re more likely to develop them.
• Gender: Women are three times more likely to experience migraines than men, possibly due to hormonal fluctuations.
• Age: Migraines often begin during adolescence or early adulthood.
• Stress: High levels of stress, which are common in fast-paced environments like Singapore, can trigger migraines.
• Environmental Factors: Singapore’s hot, humid climate can also be a trigger for some people, as sudden weather changes may exacerbate migraine symptoms.

How is a Migraine Diagnosed?

Diagnosing migraines typically involves a detailed medical history and physical examination. Your neurologist will ask about the frequency, duration, and intensity of your headaches, as well as any associated symptoms like nausea or sensitivity to light.

In some cases, additional tests such as MRI [link to MRI] or CT [link to CT] scans may be conducted to rule out other causes of headaches, such as brain tumours or infections. Keeping a migraine diary to track triggers, symptoms, and treatments can also be helpful for both diagnosis and management.

What Are the Treatment Options for Migraines in Singapore?

Treating migraines often requires a personalised approach, combining lifestyle changes, medications, and preventive strategies. Here are the common treatment options available in Singapore:

• Over-the-counter Pain Relief: Medications such as ibuprofen and paracetamol can effectively relieve mild to moderate migraines. However, they should be used cautiously to avoid medication-overuse headaches.
• Prescription Medications: For those with moderate to severe migraines, Triptans or Gepants (a newer class of medications for migraines) can help stop migraines and/or reduce the severity of attacks.
• Preventive Medications: For those with frequent or severe migraines, preventive medications such as beta-blockers, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants may be recommended. Newer treatments, such as CGRP monoclonal antibodies, have shown to be very effective in reducing the frequency and severity of migraines.
• Botox Injections: Botox can be used to treat chronic migraines. It involves injecting small amounts of botulinum toxin into specific areas of the head and neck to relax the muscles and prevent migraines.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Reducing stress, maintaining a regular sleep schedule, and avoiding known triggers can help manage migraines. In Singapore’s busy environment, it’s essential to find time for relaxation and self-care.
• Alternative Therapies: Some people find relief from acupuncture, physiotherapy, or dietary changes. These treatments can be used in conjunction with medical approaches.

Migraines are a debilitating condition that can significantly impact your quality of life. However, with proper diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to manage symptoms and reduce the frequency of attacks. If you are suffering from recurrent headaches or migraines, it’s important to consult a neurologist for a tailored treatment plan.

Schedule a consultation with Dr Charles Siow today to discuss how we can help you manage your migraines and improve your quality of life.