Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS)

What are nerve conduction studies? 

Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) are diagnostic tests that evaluate the function of motor and sensory nerves by measuring the speed and strength of electrical signals as they travel through these nerves. By assessing how well and how quickly nerves can transmit electrical impulses, NCS helps in identifying nerve damage or dysfunction. This information is crucial for diagnosing various neurological conditions and determining appropriate treatment plans.

During an NCS, surface electrodes are placed on the skin over the nerve to be tested and a muscle it supplies. A mild electrical stimulus is then applied to the nerve, and the resulting electrical activity is recorded. These measurements provide insights into the integrity and performance of the nerve, aiding in the diagnosis of conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and radiculopathy.

How do nerve conduction studies work? 

During a Nerve Conduction Study (NCS), small electrodes are placed on the skin over the nerve being tested. One electrode delivers a mild electrical impulse to stimulate the nerve, while another records the response as the signal travels along the nerve pathway. The test measures key parameters such as conduction velocity, response amplitude, and latency, which help determine how efficiently the nerve transmits electrical signals. 

If the nerve is damaged or compressed, the signal may be slower or weaker than expected. The procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis, is well tolerated, and usually takes between 30 to 60 minutes depending on the number of nerves being tested. While patients may feel a brief tingling or mild discomfort during stimulation, there are no lasting effects, and normal activities can be resumed immediately after the test.

What are the benefits of nerve conduction studies? 

Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) provide valuable insights into nerve function, which helps diagnose a wide range of neurological conditions. By measuring the speed and strength of electrical signals in the nerves, this test aids in early detection, accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment planning. Key benefits of NCS include:

• Early detection of nerve disorders — identifies nerve damage before symptoms worsen, which helps provide timely intervention.

• Accurate diagnosis — differentiates between nerve and muscle disorders, which helps ensure appropriate treatment.

• Guidance for treatment planning — helps neurologists determine the most ideal course of action, including medication, physiotherapy, or surgical options.

• Monitoring disease progression — tracks changes in nerve function over time, which helps assess the effectiveness of ongoing treatments.

• Minimally invasive and safe — a well-tolerated procedure with no long-term side effects, which makes it suitable for most patients.

With its precision and reliability, NCS plays a crucial role in diagnosing and managing nerve-related conditions and improving patient outcomes.

What conditions can nerve conduction studies help diagnose?

Nerve conduction studies are used to assess nerve function and identify a wide range of conditions affecting the peripheral nervous system. This test allows us to pinpoint nerve damage, determine its severity, and guide the most effective treatment plan for our patients. Some of the key conditions we diagnose with NCS include:

• Carpal tunnel syndrome — compression of the median nerve in the wrist, leading to numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand.

• Peripheral neuropathy — nerve damage often linked to diabetes, infections, or autoimmune conditions, causing pain, tingling, and loss of sensation in the limbs.

• Radiculopathy — irritation or compression of nerve roots in the spine, which can lead to pain, weakness, or numbness radiating down the arms or legs.

• Guillain-Barré syndrome — an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system attacks the nerves, causing progressive weakness and paralysis.

• Herniated disc-related nerve compression — when a slipped or bulging disc in the spine presses on nerves, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness.

• Brachial or lumbosacral plexopathy — damage to the network of nerves in the shoulder (brachial plexus) or lower back (lumbosacral plexus), affecting movement and sensation.

• Motor neuron diseases — progressive conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that affect nerve cells controlling voluntary muscles.

• Myasthenia gravis — a neuromuscular disorder that leads to muscle weakness and fatigue due to impaired communication between nerves and muscles.

By conducting NCS, we can better understand what’s causing your symptoms and develop a personalised treatment plan to help you regain comfort and mobility.

What results can I expect?

From the moment you enter Siow Neurology for a nerve conduction study, our team ensures a smooth and comfortable experience. After discussing your symptoms and medical history, we explain the procedure in detail so you know exactly what to expect. The test itself is straightforward; small electrodes are placed on the skin over the nerve being examined, and a mild electrical impulse is delivered to measure how well the nerve conducts signals. While you may feel a brief tingling sensation, the procedure is generally well tolerated and takes about 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the number of nerves tested.

Once the test is complete, there is no downtime, and you can resume your normal activities immediately. Our neurologist will review the results, looking at key factors such as nerve conduction speed and response strength. A healthy nerve transmits signals quickly and efficiently, whereas a damaged or compressed nerve may show slowed or weakened responses. 

Our clinic prioritises clear communication and makes sure you understand your results and what they mean for your health. If any nerve abnormalities are detected, we discuss the next steps, whether it involves further testing, treatment options, or lifestyle adjustments to manage your condition. Our goal is to provide you with a precise diagnosis and a tailored plan to help you move forward with confidence.

How many sessions are required for nerve conduction studies? 

Nerve conduction studies are typically completed in a single session. At Siow Neurology, we conduct the test in one visit, which usually lasts between 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the number of nerves being examined. In most cases, no follow-up sessions are needed for the test itself. However, if further investigations or repeat testing are required to monitor disease progression or treatment effectiveness, your neurologist will discuss this with you. Our priority is to provide a clear and accurate diagnosis in the most efficient way possible.

If you are experiencing nerve pain, weakness, or tingling, schedule a consultation with us to undergo a nerve conduction study and get a clear diagnosis for effective treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 

How should I prepare for a nerve conduction study?

Generally, you can eat and take medications as usual before the test. It’s advisable to avoid applying lotions or creams to the skin, as they can interfere with electrode conductivity. Wearing loose-fitting clothing can help facilitate electrode placement. 

What happens during the nerve conduction study?

During the procedure, you will be asked to sit or lie down. A healthcare provider will place electrodes on your skin over the nerve being tested and on a muscle it controls. A mild electrical impulse stimulates the nerve, and the response is recorded to assess nerve function. 

Is the procedure painful?

You may feel a brief, mild discomfort or tingling sensation when the electrical impulse is applied, but most people tolerate the procedure well. The sensation is similar to a static electric shock. 

How long does the test take?

The duration of the test varies depending on the number of nerves and muscles being examined but typically lasts between 30 minutes to an hour. 

Are there any side effects or risks?

Nerve conduction studies are generally safe with minimal risks. Some patients might experience slight discomfort or bruising at the electrode sites, but these effects are usually temporary. 

When will I receive the results?

The results are often discussed with you immediately after the test or sent to your referring doctor, who will review them with you during a follow-up appointment. 

Can I resume normal activities after the test?

Yes, you can return to your regular activities immediately following the procedure, as there are no lasting effects from the test. 

Will I need someone to drive me home?

Since the test doesn’t impair your ability to drive, you can drive yourself home unless you’ve been advised otherwise due to other medical conditions. 

Is any special aftercare required?

No special aftercare is needed. However, if you experience persistent discomfort or signs of infection at the electrode sites, contact your healthcare provider.

Is a nerve conduction study the same as an electromyography?

No, although a nerve conduction study and electromyography are related, they serve different purposes. A nerve conduction study is used to detect conditions like nerve damage, while an electromyography is used to diagnose muscle-related disorders, motor neuron diseases, and neuromuscular junction disorders. 

Function	Nerve Conduction Study	Electromyography
Purpose	Evaluates nerve signal transmission	Evaluates muscle electrical activity
What it measures	Speed and strength of nerve signals	Muscle response to nerve stimulation
How it works	Applies small electrical pulses to nerves and records responses	Records muscle activity at rest and during contraction