Cervical & Lumbar Spondylosis

What Is Cervical & Lumbar Spondylosis? What are the types of Cervical & Lumbar Spondylosis?

Cervical and lumbar spondylosis are common degenerative conditions that affect the spine, particularly in older adults. In Singapore, the prevalence of these conditions has risen with the ageing population and sedentary lifestyles. Cervical spondylosis impacts the neck (cervical spine), while lumbar spondylosis affects the lower back (lumbar spine). Both can significantly impact quality of life if left untreated.

Cervical and lumbar spondylosis are degenerative conditions caused by the wear and tear of the spinal discs and joints over time. As we age, the discs between the vertebrae lose hydration and elasticity, leading to a breakdown of cartilage and the formation of bone spurs. This process can compress the nerves in the spine, resulting in pain and other symptoms.

There are two primary types:

1. Cervical Spondylosis: This type affects the neck and can cause pain, stiffness, and neurological symptoms due to the compression of nerves in the cervical spine.
2. Lumbar Spondylosis: This type affects the lower back and can cause back pain, numbness, and other issues related to nerve compression in the lumbar spine.

What Causes Cervical & Lumbar Spondylosis?

Cervical and lumbar spondylosis are primarily caused by age-related degeneration of the spine. Over time, the spinal discs dry out, lose their cushioning ability, and shrink, leading to increased friction between the vertebrae. However, several factors can accelerate this degenerative process:

• Ageing: The most common cause of spinal degeneration. As people age, the spine naturally begins to wear down.
• Genetics: A family history of spinal issues can increase the risk of developing spondylosis.
• Poor posture: Prolonged periods of sitting or standing with poor posture can contribute to the development of spondylosis.
• Repetitive strain: Jobs or activities that involve heavy lifting, bending, or twisting can put extra strain on the spine, accelerating degeneration.
• Injury: Previous spinal injuries can make you more prone to developing spondylosis.

What Are the Symptoms of Cervical & Lumbar Spondylosis?

The symptoms of cervical and lumbar spondylosis vary depending on the severity of the condition and the location of nerve compression. Common symptoms include:

• Neck or lower back pain: Pain is often the most obvious symptom. It can be localised to the neck or lower back but may radiate to other parts of the body.
• Stiffness: Reduced range of motion in the neck or back, particularly after prolonged periods of inactivity.
• Radiating pain: Nerve compression can cause pain to travel from the neck to the shoulders, arms, or hands (in cervical spondylosis) or from the lower back to the legs or feet (in lumbar spondylosis).
• Numbness or tingling: Nerve irritation can cause sensations of numbness, tingling, or "pins and needles" in the limbs.
• Muscle weakness: In severe cases, nerve compression may lead to weakness in the arms, hands, legs, or feet, depending on the area affected.

Is Cervical & Lumbar Spondylosis Painful?

Yes, cervical and lumbar spondylosis can be painful, though the intensity of pain can vary from mild to severe. In mild cases, the discomfort may be limited to occasional stiffness or soreness, while severe cases can result in chronic pain that affects daily activities. Pain can also be aggravated by certain movements or prolonged positions, such as sitting or standing for extended periods. If left untreated, the condition can worsen over time, leading to more pronounced pain and nerve-related symptoms.

Who Is at Risk of Getting Cervical & Lumbar Spondylosis in Singapore?

While cervical and lumbar spondylosis can affect anyone, certain groups are more at risk, including:

• Older adults: Ageing is the primary risk factor for developing spinal degeneration. Individuals over the age of 50 are particularly susceptible.
• Office workers: Sedentary work that involves long hours sitting at a desk can increase the risk of developing both cervical and lumbar spondylosis.
• Manual labourers: Jobs that require repetitive bending, lifting, or twisting put extra strain on the spine, increasing the risk of degeneration.
• People with poor posture: Prolonged bad posture, especially when using mobile devices or sitting in non-ergonomic chairs, can lead to spinal issues over time.
• Athletes: Individuals involved in high-impact sports may be at risk due to the repetitive strain placed on the spine.

How Is Cervical & Lumbar Spondylosis Diagnosed?

Diagnosing cervical and lumbar spondylosis typically begins with a comprehensive physical examination and review of medical history. A neurologist will assess your range of motion, reflexes, and nerve function to determine the severity and location of the problem. Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI scans, or CT scans are often used to get a clearer view of the spine, helping to identify areas of degeneration, disc herniation, or nerve compression.

In some cases, nerve conduction studies or electromyography (EMG) may be recommended to evaluate the health and function of the nerves and muscles.

What Are the Treatment Options for Cervical & Lumbar Spondylosis in Singapore?

Treatment options for cervical and lumbar spondylosis in Singapore range from conservative care to more advanced interventions, depending on the severity of the condition. Common treatment options include:

• Physiotherapy: A physiotherapist can design a tailored exercise program to improve posture, strengthen the muscles surrounding the spine, and relieve pain.
• Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or paracetamol can help reduce pain and inflammation. In some cases, muscle relaxants or prescription medications may be necessary.
• Injections: Corticosteroid injections can reduce inflammation and alleviate pain, particularly for more severe cases.
• Surgery: If conservative treatments do not relieve symptoms, or if nerve compression is severe, surgery may be necessary. Surgical options include decompression surgery to relieve pressure on the nerves or spinal fusion to stabilise the spine.

If you’re experiencing persistent neck or lower back pain, it’s essential to seek professional help before the condition worsens. Schedule a consultation with Dr Charles Siow for a thorough assessment and personalised treatment plan to address your spinal health concerns.